Extracting and refining edible oils from plants can be done in a number of ways. Here are some common ones:
1. Mechanical pressing: This method uses a hydraulic press to press oil out of plant material. This method is mostly used for oilseeds like sunflower, soybean, and rapeseed. The oil is extracted by squeezing the seeds or nuts, then filtered to remove impurities.
2. Solvent extraction: Solvent extraction is much more efficient than water extraction, and it’s great for oilseeds that don’t have much oil in them. Plant material is crushed, then the oil is extracted with hexane, and the oil is separated from the solvent with heat and vacuum distillation.
3. Refining: Refining is the process of removing impurities from crude oil to improve its quality and stability. It starts with degumming the crude oil to remove any phospholipids that can ruin it. To get rid of any pigments and odor compounds in the oil, it’s bleached. Next, it’s deodorized so any remaining impurities get taken out and it’s shelf life longer.
4.Fractionation: It’s the process of separating the different parts of the oil by melting points. During this process, the oil is cooled until it solidifies, then separated from the liquid. It’s a common way to make oils that have certain properties, like high oleic or low saturates.
5. Hydrogenation: The process of adding hydrogen to unsaturated fats increases the stability and shelf life of the oil and makes it good for processed foods like margarine and shortening.
It turns out that edible oils can be made in several ways, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. A processing technique depends on the type of plant material, the quality and stability of the oil, and the way it’s supposed to be used. Whatever processing method you use, make sure the oil you’re getting is high quality and good to eat.
